GLP-1 (9-36) (human)

GLP-1 (9-36) (human) is a 28-residue synthetic peptide (H-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Val-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Gly-Gln-Ala-Ala-Lys-Glu-Phe-Ile-Ala-Trp-Leu-Val-Lys-Gly-Arg-NH2, trifluoroacetate salt) corresponding to the primary metabolite produced when dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) cleaves the two N-terminal residues from active GLP-1. It lacks GLP-1R agonist activity but has become a subject of significant research interest for GLP-1R-independent biological actions.

In vivo, the half-life of intact GLP-1(7-36)amide and GLP-1(7-37) in circulation is only 1-2 minutes, as DPP-IV rapidly truncates the N-terminal His-Ala dipeptide to generate GLP-1(9-36)amide as the main circulating metabolite — which initially appeared pharmacologically inactive. Suzuki and colleagues' early fragment comparison work helped define the critical N-terminal requirements for insulinotropic activity, showing that truncations removing the His-Ala dipeptide abolish pancreatic insulin secretion (Suzuki S et al., Endocrinology, 1989, PMID 2684616). However, subsequent research found GLP-1(9-36) is not entirely inert: Ussher and Drucker's cardiovascular pharmacology review documented evidence that GLP-1(9-36) retains cardioprotective properties through GLP-1R-independent mechanisms — potentially involving glucose transporter activation and AMPK signaling — observed in isolated heart and in vivo ischemia models (Ussher JR & Drucker DJ, Circ Res, 2014, PMID 24855202). GLP-1(9-36) has also been investigated for immune-modulating properties, with one study showing it inhibits chemokine-induced migration of human CD4+ lymphocytes through a GLP-1R-independent pathway (Liberman A et al., PLoS One, 2013, PMID 23469279).

Potential Research Applications: - Study of GLP-1 metabolite pharmacology and GLP-1R-independent biological actions - Cardiac ischemia and cardioprotection models without confounding GLP-1R-mediated insulin effects - DPP-IV enzyme activity assays and inhibitor development (substrate reference) - Immune modulation research, including T-lymphocyte trafficking studies - Comparative pharmacokinetics: intact GLP-1 vs. metabolite profiles in tissue

Market Context: This peptide is currently stocked by a single supplier on this platform (CPC Scientific) at approximately $104.50/mg, reflecting its niche role as a DPP-IV metabolite probe rather than a mainstream GLP-1 agonist.

Cited Research: Suzuki S et al. (1989). Comparison of the effects of various C-terminal and N-terminal fragment peptides of glucagon-like peptide-1 on insulin and glucagon release from the isolated perfused rat pancreas. Endocrinology. PMID 2684616. Ussher JR & Drucker DJ (2014). Cardiovascular actions of incretin-based therapies. Circ Res. PMID 24855202. Liberman A et al. (2013). Glucagon-like peptide-1(9-36) inhibits chemokine-induced migration of human CD4-positive lymphocytes. PLoS One. PMID 23469279.

For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use, diagnosis, treatment, cure, or prevention of any disease. THIS PRODUCT IS NOT FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION.